Ashtami – The Legend and Significance
Ashtami, the eighth day following a Purnima (full moon) or Amavasya (new moon), holds immense spiritual and cultural significance in Indian traditions. This lunar day has been celebrated and revered across different faiths such as Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism. Various legends and rituals associated with this day highlight its divine importance and transformative power.
1. Legends and Beliefs
Krishna Janmashtami – Ashtami in Vaishnavism
Ashtami is most famously associated with the birth of Lord Krishna, celebrated as Krishna Janmashtami. According to Hindu scriptures, Lord Krishna, the eighth avatar of Lord Vishnu, was born on an Ashtami Tithi under the Rohini Nakshatra. His birth marked the triumph of dharma (righteousness) over adharma (unrighteousness).
Significance of Krishna’s Birth:
- Restoration of Dharma: Krishna’s birth symbolizes the restoration of balance in the world.
- Destruction of Evil: He came to defeat the demon king Kamsa and other asuras (demons) threatening humanity.
Rituals of Krishna Janmashtami:
- Devotees observe fasting throughout the day and break it at midnight, the time of Krishna’s birth.
- Temples are adorned with beautiful decorations, and devotional songs and dances (bhajans) are performed.
- Special enactments of Krishna’s childhood (leelas) are organized.
Bhairava’s Worship – Ashtami in Shaivism
In Shaivism, Ashtami is dedicated to Bhairava, a fierce manifestation of Lord Shiva. Bhairava is regarded as the protector of the universe, who annihilates evil forces and safeguards dharma. He is also the guardian deity of time (Kala Bhairava) and is deeply revered for his power and might.
Bhairava Worship on Ashtami:
- Special prayers and offerings are made to Bhairava, including items like til (sesame), camphor, and sandalwood paste.
- Feeding dogs, considered sacred as Bhairava’s vehicle, is a common practice.
- Devotees pray for protection, justice, and the removal of negative energies.
Durga Ashtami – A Day of Shakti Worship
In Shaktism, Ashtami is celebrated as Durga Ashtami, particularly during the Navratri festival. This day commemorates Goddess Durga’s victory over the demon Mahishasura. It is a day of power, courage, and divine grace.
Significance of Durga Ashtami:
- Represents the destruction of evil and the establishment of divine order.
- Highlights the compassionate yet fierce aspect of feminine divinity.
Rituals of Durga Ashtami:
- Devotees perform Kanya Puja, where young girls are worshipped as embodiments of the goddess.
- Special homas (fire rituals) are conducted to seek the blessings of Shakti.
- Devotional dances and chants in praise of Durga are performed.
2. Myths Surrounding Ashtami
In ancient times, the number eight (Ashta) was considered inauspicious due to its association with challenges and obstacles. However, divine interventions like Krishna’s birth transformed Ashtami into a sacred day. This change symbolized the idea that divine power can alter any negativity into positivity.
3. Spiritual Practices on Ashtami
Ashtami is marked by various rituals and fasting, depending on the deity and tradition being followed.
Fasting:
- Devotees undertake a day-long fast to purify their body and mind.
- Fruits, milk, and light foods are consumed to sustain energy.
Pujas:
- Vaishnavite Rituals: Worship of Lord Krishna during Janmashtami.
- Shaivite Practices: Bhairava’s special pujas and prayers.
- Shakta Traditions: Homage to Durga through offerings and chants.
4. Societal Impact of Ashtami
- Auspicious Beginnings:
- Over time, Ashtami evolved into a day for positive events like religious ceremonies.
- It became a day of renewal, devotion, and spiritual elevation.
- Driving Away Negativity:
- Rituals on this day focus on removing evil forces, both external and internal.
- Unity in Diversity:
- Despite differences in practices, Ashtami unites devotees across various sects in their reverence for divinity.
Conclusion
Ashtami stands as a divine intersection of legends, faith, and rituals. Whether it is Krishna’s playful yet profound incarnation, Bhairava’s protective grace, or Durga’s fierce battle, this day symbolizes the ultimate triumph of good over evil. Revered in its many forms, Ashtami continues to inspire devotion and bring hope to millions.
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